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The War of the World
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The War of the World

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 mp4 - Part 3

 mp4 - Part 4

 mp4 - Part 5

 mp4 - Part 6

director: Niall Ferguson, UK 2008, 4h 45m

Controversial historian Professor Niall Ferguson argues that in the last century there were not in fact two World Wars and a Cold War, but a single Hundred Years' War. It was not nationalism that powered the conflicts of the century, but empires. It was not ideologies of class or the advent of socialism driving the century, but race. Ultimately, ethnic conflict underpinned 20th-century violence. Finally, it was not the west that triumphed as the century progressed - in fact, power slowly and steadily migrated towards the new empires of the East.

Part 1

The Clash of Empires. An alternative perspective to the events of the 20th century, offering different explanations for the two world wars and the shifting balance of power as the 1900s progressed. He begins by studying the origins of World War One, arguing that the conflict sparked racial hatred which was exploited by nation states for their own ends.

Part 2

A Tainted Triumph. The last years of World War Two, considering the terrible ethical compromises the Allied nations were forced to make to defeat their German and Japanese enemies, and the long-term consequences for the victors.

Part 3

The Icebox. How during the Cold War, World War Three actually took place. With the US and the Soviet Union unable to engage in battle with each other directly for fear of the nuclear consequences, Third World nations ended up serving as proxies for the superpowers, causing carnage to rival World War One.

Part 4

The Plan. How the US became the envy of the world in the aftermath of World War One, a state of affairs that was shattered by the Wall Street crash. He also considers the effect of the Great Depression on peoples attitudes to capitalism and democracy, and how it led to the rise of totalitarian states.

Part 5

Killing Space. How the rise of the Axis powers led to a fundamental redrawing of the world map. He pinpoints 1942 as a pivotal year, and considers how the 20th century might have unfolded had World War Two ended differently, with totalitarian regimes dividing the globe between them

Part 6

The Descent of the West. Controversial historian Professor Niall Ferguson concludes the series by challenging the received wisdom that the fall of the Berlin Wall represented ultimate triumph for Western values, pointing to racial conflict in the last decades of the 20th century. He also considers the possibility of a further global war in the future.

@Vengeance77x 2024-02-12 21:16:24  0
This guy really loves to hate himself, it must be his fetish.
@craigdylan3953 2022-12-26 02:55:37  0
Do we really need to see your face breaking into the great narration by another voice. We don't need you in the film; take a break narcissus
@fratersol 2022-12-05 01:14:51  0
Jews was behind both revolutions in russia.
@akramgill4138 2022-09-16 07:31:11  0
Propaganda trash,not a documentary.
@johnwright291 2022-03-02 20:53:07  0
Wow. I'm so glad I found this. It's right in my wheelhouse. I'm really surprised that he didn't mention Henry Morgenthau the US ambassador to Turkey in relation to the Armenian genocide. He wrote extensively about it.
@indoserica4714 2021-01-06 11:44:38  0
Is this real or fake but why sometime i.se a war of the world but the tripod are difrend
@deborahvalentine2893 2020-07-21 13:59:20  3
A few things the narrator omits or passes over: The Japanese modeled or stole their technological advancements, whether in ships or planes from the West. Jacob Schiff financed the Japanese Military against the Czar in retribution for the Czar's massacres of Jews in the 1880s.
Lenin, like Trotsky, were brought back to Russia by the West to bring about the Revolution to knock the Czarist Russia out of the War (Antony Sutton). Then they backed the White Russian military as this narrative displays. So the West created/financed the Communist menace that plagues us today.
Further, when describing the 'problems' with nationalism and the racial/ethnic slaughter the narrator seems to believe that all religions, philosophies etc. can all coexist and the culprit seems to be nationalism. How can intolerant and expansionist philosophies or religions like Communism/Socialism and Islam co-exist with non-expansionist philosophies and religions like patriotism: Borders, Language: Culture or Judaism (non-proselytizing and non-expansionist)? They can't, which is why fraudulent Utopian Socialist/Communist doctrines like "multiculturalism" are deemed to result in more bloodbath and....failure. I pray that the West wakes up sooner rather than later to the immense assassins politically correct poison pill...
@johnwright291 2022-03-02 21:03:20  0
The fact that the only counter you could come up with for quote communism/ socialism and Islam was patriotism speaks volumes.
@codydavidson9848 2019-10-01 20:47:31  0
What’s the name of the Jewish song they are singing at 12:11?
@jeffsmith8197 2019-05-30 09:32:54  0
The term "Browning Revolvers" is incorrect. Browning didn't make anything but semi automatics. I forgive Niall for this as most historians don't know shit about weapons.
@dennyfaner5416 2019-01-15 21:46:38  18
thumps up if you're watching this for class lmao
@citzeneh2978 2018-12-24 13:53:53  0
This documentary is appropriate for today, 2018. Trump has made Muslims and Latinos into the aliens of now.
@edwardstevens1438 2018-09-18 23:59:03  0
there hasnt been a big war in a long time I think its coming
@udayanb55 2018-08-25 04:51:38  0
So Turkey committed the first Genocide? Oh dear oh dear.
@BigKatz 2018-07-27 04:30:56  0
His premise is interesting but he plugs it full of holes early on - empires are multi ethnic with a non racial identity: a stronger cultural unifying identity. And WWI had strong ethnic propaganda in the U.K. - “the Huns” - and later the US, but there’s so many stories of the soldiers on the ground getting along. Race, more narrowly defined ethnicity, narrower yet clans and tribes, and the tacit zeitgeist of regional culture are always dancing, sometimes stepping forward for a solo, sometimes a partner dance. We are like the seasons, there is a time to every purpose, under heavens.
@hatchetman5801 2018-06-24 21:07:55  0
omg, a brit introing this as a warning of 'the yellow hoard', or more probably islamaphobia/antisocial propaganda
@dubyacwh7978 2018-05-07 22:27:33  0
It wasn't because the people of the opposing nations hated each other, it was all due to the politics and propaganda of the era. With Japan and Germany the US took the position of their opposition, fully supporting the Russians, English and Chinese, our POTUS knew where that would take us and it did.
@Mdriver1981 2018-04-18 09:58:00  0
World War did not ignite an age of genocide. Just like homicide, suicide, regicide, tyrannicide, patricide matricide, fratricide
Sororicide, so on and so forth, genocides are as old as civilization itself.
@pietjepuck7079 2018-04-01 16:58:41  0
It wasn't all about race. It WAS about great powers and new weapons. Just like when the gun was introduced in the America's, was a turning point. It was no coincidence that US ordered their defeated "allies" to give up their colonies under the pretext of humanitarian goals. They wanted the oil, bauxite, and whatever else in those colonies without having to deal with savvy westerners, is all.
@warriorsrule9350 2018-04-01 12:23:33  0
83 Turks watched this.
@MrBeeCee 2018-03-29 21:22:11  1
The idiocy of the Monarchs of England,Germany and Russia,who by the way were all blood related is the reason for this most dreadful war.
@6teezkid 2018-03-26 02:21:36  0
Simple answer as to WHY the 20th Century was so violent and tens of millions died (minimum): POWERFUL WEAPONS. In short, put the 20th Century weapons in any despot or power-hungry megalomaniac (Persian Empire, Alexander the Great, Ghenghis Khan, The Vikings, Roman Empire, etc (the list is endless)...place modern weaponry in any era, and it would look like 20th Century. Which says what every psychologist knows: mankind has a rotten heart.
@kenmoll2896 2018-03-25 02:34:09  0
10 minutes in and no mention of the influence of Jews on both sides in both wars and the jewish bankers that made Billions on gentile blood. Same story as today, Jews getting other people to fight their imagined enemies. Iraq yesterday, Syria today, Iran tomorrow.
@onesmoothstone5680 2018-03-14 23:40:40  0
He misses a thing or two
@edwardemory7529 2018-01-28 16:57:32  1
Mankind is genetically flawed to be tribal. You can see it in the silliest things like Chevy and Ford owners dissing each other or fans of two teams mistreating each other. Jesus gave us the only hope when he said "Treat others as you would want to be treated" and "Forgive lest you not be forgiven". Very few pay any attention to him and so are not real Christians even if they claim to be. Muslims follow a religion that preaches kill anyone who will not join you, even other Muslims who think a little different. They are much more enthusiastic about following their religion because it permits their natural urges. Atheists think people are just animals and don't matter so they really don't care what they do to each other as long as it doesn't bother them personally. Thus mankind, now having abundant powerful means to exterminate itself finally will succeed. Somebody should start putting up monuments in all the National Capitals saying this so that aliens, if they ever come, will know why we so stupidly committed mass suicide.
@Amrieuro 2017-12-13 11:39:50  5
"We are who we are because we kicked everybody else out! We stay where we are because nobody has kicked us out!" [unknown] Such is, was and ever shall be nation building! Read a history book for fun and profit.
@ClassicStang 2018-03-02 02:35:00  0
Amrieuro Payback is coming.
9-11 was the prelude..
@edwardemory7529 2017-11-29 04:56:22  1
Mankind is damned doomed
@sindurgoku8022 2017-10-04 11:34:52  7
And today we have again the same identity policy-nonsense revolving around race and gender and whatnot. WW3 is incoming, some way or another.
@MaloneysDigest 2018-03-31 20:48:08  1
Sindur Goku unfortunately I too see the writing on the wall. The same international bankers who funded these wars will fund the next one.
@tk210west 2017-09-15 16:37:40  1
Gee, I'm disappointed with this. It's just another flashy, superficial TV production that bombards us with thousands of jarring, irrelevant images, each held for less than a second, while the narrator -- Ferguson in this case, Simon Schama in a similar series -- talks down to us as if we're sixth-graders. I suppose i should buy the damned book... but the hardcover's more than 800 pages (which is why I thought I'd try this version).
@MasterMalrubius 2018-03-27 17:39:10  0
800 pages too much for a sixth-grader?
@petersimmonds4596 2018-04-07 19:57:06  0
tk210west ii
@xxxx2935 2017-08-05 23:33:22  0
Revelations chapter 2 verse 9 Revelations chapter 3 verse 9 !!!!!!!!!!!!
@xxxx2935 2017-08-05 23:28:21  0
All praises!!!! KJV the book of Obadiah verse 1 through 16 the book of Saint John chapter 8 verse 44 Isaiah 66 verse 14 15 16 17 Revelations chapter 21 verse 8!!!!
@tarstarkusz 2017-06-10 01:00:16  1
The irony! The kernels of truth that are in here are being set up to happen again. I think it will be the first time in history that a people taught another people to hate them, paid for their children and financed their own genocide, all voluntarily.
@robinpritchard334 2017-06-06 02:48:29  0
bs..  japan  attacks  Russia  so  Europe  is  rasist. what  do  you  say  about bushido and sumari  culture.
@gordonhead8213 2017-04-28 20:14:38  5
Don't waste your time on this mush, with it's silly special effects, and morally confused mumbling. Watch "The World at War" if you want to know what actually happened from the mouths of those who were actually there.

"Race was the defining issues of the 20th Century"? Rubbish. Marxism killed 100 million or so on the basis of "class" not "race".
@nateemond197 2017-03-30 03:14:06  1
If you are dumb enough to NOT UNDERSTAND IMPERIALISM IS RACISM YOU ARE AN IDIOT AND WILL NOT UNDERSTAND THIS VIDEO AND THE HISTORY OF THE 20TH CENTURY. This is the first historical video with TEETH AND ASKS REAL QUESTIONS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN AGES. Problem is so many of us westerners are so dellusional and uneducated we do not understand why things happened in history. HELL 99% I GUARANTEE HAVE NO IDEA ABOUT THE RUSSO JAPANEESE WAR.
@patsupromajakr8498 2016-11-10 18:14:40  1
It's entertaining!
@soapbxprod 2016-09-07 23:46:07  5
This is the greatest documentary made in the last 20 years, IMHO.
Serious business. 4 hours minimum investment- worth every second.
@UkuleleAversion 2016-06-11 04:59:39  2
His argument that race was the primary cause of World War I was unconvincing to me. His argument might have been more persuasive if it was broader, perhaps something like, "The capacity to dehumanise individuals into systems ie in this case enemy nationalities is the primary cause of World War I" because dehumanisation does not fit into a single category like race or gender, that isn't how it works. And even then that is only a partial view of the causes for war, power and the distanced perspective of high-ranking officers & army leaders were also key. I just don't think you can sensibly claim that something as humanly complex as World War I is solely the result of something as narrow as racial dehumanisation.
@johnniebee4328 2016-05-07 19:34:30  1
Looking good @ 7:15 are those officer cadets or junior enlisteds?
@CTOInformation 2016-04-10 22:50:45  0
look at the europe now, lol
@kristiankalin7043 2016-03-09 18:31:02  5
Niall must be the best storyteller of our time. He could make a movie about paint drying and make it interesting!
@Conn30Mtenor 2016-03-08 02:28:38  5
He completely overlooked the fact that the Great War very nearly started in 1912 and discounts the diplomatic balance struck up by Bismarck being discarded by the Kaiser. He in effect lays the blame for the Great War on Russian imperialism.

Rubbish.
@MishaIasinskyi 2016-05-24 21:04:39  3
he lays the blame on the all empires, but the Russian Empire was simply defeated first
@windsurfingwindsurfing1673 2016-02-12 08:35:42  2
mankind will find someway of destroying itself if not by war , aids virus , or a simple mosquito bite . We should be working together instead of some bit of land , we as world citizens should bath ourselves in the glory of this fabulous planet and bless each day we live amen ps I know it will never happen, so be it
@apspacking 2015-12-12 04:57:14  0
Middle East is experiencing the same wars that destroyed west for a century.
Japan in far east did what was dictated by history and Germans did the same in West but Middle east and africa which are never on time, delayed barbarism of new world order to these days. Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Palestine, Lebanon etc.. Looks like Middle East and africa are in a delayed world war that human history demands.
@lh8695 2015-12-04 05:33:43  0
well
@chsjade 2015-09-14 01:48:15  4
Biased documentary. A lot of missing context.
@Kouhiko9674 2015-09-02 18:09:14  27
Oh my god, its a Brit who admits they got involved in WW1 out of fear of Germany rather than the lame excuse of Belgian neutrality. I didnt think they existed
@giovannichingautheman3780 2017-04-08 02:46:15  3
+Kouhiko9674 There are at least 20 percent of British catholics today and there were many more in the 40s who never considered acceptable Churchill's, the Rothschild's' and the Monarchy's warmongering and they don't accept it today. In fact many revisionists who have helped Germany to be recouped from the damage to her image caused by defamations of wartime carried out by Zionists and their pawns are British (like David Irving, Georgina Howell who wrot about Gertrude Bell who destroyed the Berlin-Baghdad train for pushing fot WWI and Miranda Carter who wrote about the crimes of the Three major Kings of Europe who were cousins responsible in part for WWI), Canadians, US Americans (like Ken O'Keefe, Gordon Duff, Glenn Beck, Jeff Rense, David Duke) Swedish.

There is also people from all over the world and this includes some Jews, Hebrews who became Christian again (like Benjamin Friedman, Brother Nathanael Kapner) who don't support Zionist characters like Bronstein (Trotsky) and their crimes and if they once did it they abandoned the idea tired of their crimes.

I used to think like you and some British made me realize how they opposed all the wars their rulers wanted to make them fight. And by the way, it wasn't fear of Germany but an exclusion, scapegoating against Germany but also complicity from them by some industrial and military freemasons like some Prussians.
@curtist919 2017-09-05 05:09:21  1
Kouhiko9674 There's actually an entire BBC documentary justifying British involvement in WW1 on the premise that had they not intervened Germany (with their allies) would have defeated France and Russia. This would have vastly upset the balance of power which had preserved the peace for so long. Here is the link. I think you'll really enjoy it.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=X2DLybNYta4
@edwardemory7529 2018-03-09 23:43:41  2
Uh...... so they went to war to "preserve the peace". Yep, that sounds like illogical, tribalist, earthlings alright!
@warriorsrule9350 2018-04-01 12:24:10  0
well he is an American now
@mengelmoesNL 2018-05-26 14:23:05  0
Lame excuses are necessary to move public opinion. UK not wanting the continent to be dominated by a single power is basic state survivalism.
@bodenplukt 2015-08-16 15:26:49  2
the frenetic editing makes this almost unwatchable.
@jlawrence..6069 2015-12-20 20:33:29  0
+Richard Noyes - the guy is peddling select impressions, not verifiable information. he wants us to 'buy' his version of events like juicy burgers.
@jeffsmith8197 2019-05-30 08:41:53  0
What the Hell are you guys taking about? Editing? Impressions? Are you serious? Just watch and learn, children. It's a different perspective, and not one I totally agree with, but it's worth watching. We Westerners have room for different opinions.
@tammyrose6157 2015-07-16 19:35:26  0
Thank You I love it Thank you  Have a Lovely wonderful day You are cool  Love-N-Light Blessed Be
@bunney3272 2015-07-03 14:45:55  1
The alliance system was supposed to have the 'mutually assured destruction' concept..
@bunney3272 2015-07-03 14:20:19  1
I tell you why. 1900 1.6 billion, 1927 2b, 1959 3b, 1974 4b, 1987 5b, 1999 6b, 2011 7b, 2015 7.3b
@Indicverse 2015-05-30 08:54:05  15
Historians are like deaf people who go on answering questions that no one has asked them.
-Leo Tolstoy
@bunney3272 2015-07-03 14:15:44  1
History is a set of lies.
@onesmoothstone5680 2018-03-14 23:42:28  0
Dwaipayan Chakroborty 🖒🖒🖒🖒🖒🖒🖒🖒🖒🖒
@ConnorMedia 2018-04-05 22:12:22  2
This has zero affect on the importance or truth of history. True history, like science must be backed by evidence and providing evidence does not require the request to do so.
@dominiquepierre8816 2015-04-22 22:42:51  1
Can someone write a summary about this?
@jeffsmith8197 2019-05-30 08:47:05  0
Here's your summery: The Zionist took over the Western Banking system and most of the media of the day and conspired to instigate and profit from a bloody war to kill the only threat they ever had in history.....the Anglo-Saxons. WWI was the White Race's suicide pill. WWII was the clean-up. What has followed into 2019 is the mopping up operation to genocide all White people. How's that for a summery?
@ItsZentraGaming 2015-04-22 18:58:40  11
Who else here is from Mr.Larralde's class. O-O
@santiagoecheverry2146 2015-04-23 00:44:45  0
ItsZentraGaming I'm here.
@CamillaSantuguiz 2015-04-23 02:38:22  0
here too! :O
@Awesomespace 2015-04-24 23:22:40  0
ItsZentraGaming jfc now I know all your ign's
@sophiakhan2114 2015-04-25 12:35:02  0
ItsZentraGaming here
@angelicachin8776 2015-04-27 18:08:49  0
ItsZentraGaming ME!!
@RaquelStFort 2016-05-18 00:07:40  0
+ItsZentraGaming I am!
@MrMYAZICI 2015-03-18 07:44:12  0
More on the Turkish-Armenian conflict:

Source: Stanford J. Shaw, on Armenian collaboration with invading Russian armies in 1914, "History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey (Volume II: Reform, Revolution & Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808-1975)." (London, Cambridge University Press 1977). pp. 315-316:

"With the Russian invasion of eastern Anatolia in 1914 at the beginning of World War I, the degree of Armenian collaboration with the Ottoman's enemy increased drastically. Ottoman supply lines were cut by guerilla attacks, Armenian revolutionaries armed Armenian civil populations, who in turn massacred the Muslim population of the province of Van in anticipation of expected arrival of the invading Russian armies... In April 1915 Dashnaks from Russian Armenia organized a revolt in the city of Van, whose 33,789 Armenians comprised 42.3 percent of the population, closest to an Armenian majority of any city in the Empire... Leaving Erivan on April 28, 1915, Armenian volunteers reached Van on May 14 and organized and carried out a general slaughter of the local Muslim population during the next two days while the small Ottoman garrison had to retreat to the southern side of the lake."

Source: Hassan Arfa, "The Kurds," (London, 1968), pp. 25-26:

"When the Russian armies invaded Turkey after the Sarikamish disaster of 1914, their columns were preceded by battalions of irregular Armenian volunteers, both from the Caucasus and from Turkey. One of these was commanded by a certain Andranik, a blood-thirsty adventurer.. These Armenian volunteers committed all kinds of excesses, more than six hundred thousand Kurds being killed between 1915 and 1916 in the eastern vilayets of Turkey."

Source: Justin McCarthy and Carolyn McCarthy, Turks and Armenians, Washington, 1989:

Page 49:

"Armenian revolutionaries had secreted arms in the City of Van and surrounding villages. Throughout April 1915, Armenian rebels infiltrated the city, which was policed only by small detachments of security forces. Clashes with Ottoman police in the city began on April 13. By April 20, the rebels had begun to fire on police stations, other government buildings, and Muslim houses. The security forces were defeated and forced to withdraw from the city in the first part of May. During and immediately after the Armenian takeover the Muslims who could not escape the city were killed, as were the Muslim inhabitants of surrounding villages which came under Armenian control. In one incident, Muslims from villages to the North of Van were herded into the village of Zeve, where all but a few of the approximately 3000 Muslim villagers were killed. Similar incidents took place throughout the region. In Van itself, the entire Muslim quarter of the city was destroyed. No Muslims were left alive in the city. Refugees were set upon the roads by Armenian guerrillas, who killed untold numbers."

Page 50: 

"The terror of Van was repeated in other cities as the Russians and Armenians advanced. In Bitlis and other cities Muslim men, women, and children were hunted down and murdered in the streets. Villagers fled before the advancing armies to be massacred on the roads by Armenian guerrilla units."

Source: John Dewey, "The Turkish Tragedy", The New Republic, Volume 40, November 12, 1928, pp. 268-269:

"Few Americans who mourn... the miseries of the Armenians, are aware that till the rise of nationalistic ambitions, beginning with the 'seventies, the Armenians were the favored portion of the population of Turkey, or that in the Great War, they traitorously turned Turkish cities over to the Russian invader; that they boasted of having raised an army of one hundred and fifty thousand men to fight a civil war, and that they burned at least a hundred Turkish villages and exterminated their population."

Source: Justin McCarthy, Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922, The Darwin Press, 2nd Printing, 1996, pp. 196-197:

"The worst Armenian massacres of Muslims and destruction of Muslim villages took place in two periods at the beginning and end of the First World War. The first period began with the entry of the Ottoman Empire into the war and the beginnings of organized Armenian rebellion against the Ottomans. It ended with the Russian conquest of eastern Anatolia in 1916. The second period began as the Russian army dissolved or retreated from eastern Anatolia and ended with the defeat of the Armenian armed forces who had taken the Russians' place in the field. For the middle period of the war, the years of Russian occupation of eastern Anatolia, from the middle of 1916 to the middle of 1917, there is very little evidence of any kind. No Ottoman investigation committees such as the ones that investigated the early atrocities were present to record the events of the Russian occupation. Scattered reports indicate that major massacres of Muslims took place, particularly in Van and Bitlis vilâyets [75]. From the large number of Muslim refugees, it is obvious that conditions were awful, but not as bad as they would become after the Russian army collapsed in 1917. The Russian Revolution brought with it the wholesale desertion of Russian soldiers on the Anatolian front. Enlisted men and some officers simply left their units and walked home, stealing their sustenance (and anything else that was available) from villages as they passed. Russian authority in eastern Anatolia was replaced by the authority of Armenian soldiers and Armenian bands, at first nominally under the control of the Transcaucasian Federation, then as troops of the Armenian Republic. The area they ruled in Anatolia stretched from Erzincan in the east to the Persian border and north to Trabzon and the border of Russian Armenia. Muslim villagers suffered from the depredations of the deserting Russian soldiers, but they suffered far worse from the Armenians who were left in charge. After the Russians departed, nothing held the Armenians in check. The events of the first period of the short Armenian rule were of a type seen all too often in that time -- murder of unarmed Muslim villagers, kidnapping of villagers, who were never seen again, destruction of Muslim markets, neighborhoods, and villages, and ubiquitous plundering and rape."

[75] A postwar British source stated that Armenians "massacred between three and four hundred thousand Kurdish people in the Van and Bitlis Districts," mostly the work of  Armenians in the Russian Army ("Interview of Col. Wooley of the British Army, 12 September 1919," in U.S. 184.021/265). On atrocities against Muslims in the Erzurum Vilayeti during the Russian occupation, see Vehip to Acting Supreme Commander, 21 March 1916, Belgeler III, no. 169.
@MrMYAZICI 2015-03-18 07:42:31  0
The Turkish-Armenian conflict is not described correctly in this video. Let's look at what scholarly sources write:

Justin McCarthy (Professor of History, University of Louisville): 

"Under the Seljuk Turks and later the Ottomans, the Armenians lived as a Christian religious group whose separate existence was guaranteed by the rules of Islam. Armenian dedication to their religion, their geographic situation in Eastern Anatolia, and Ottoman religious toleration guaranteed their continuation as a people." (p.7)

"The claim of Armenian nationalists to a homeland in Eastern Anatolia would be considerably bolstered if there had been an Armenian majority, or even an Armenian plurality, in the East. Such was not the case." (p. 9)

"By the 1700s, there was no large area in which Armenians made up enough of the population to be the majority in an Armenian state. No province of the Ottoman, Persian, or Russian Empires had enough Armenians to make up an Armenia. For example, even much later, in the late 1800s, after Armenians migrated and concentrated their population, in no province of the Ottoman Empire was more than one-third of the population Armenian. The majority were in fact Muslims -Turks, Kurds, and many other ethnic groups who identified themselves primarily by religion, as Muslims, just as Armenians identified themselves religiously as Armenians." (p. 11)

"The rebellions of 1894-6 have often been cited as "Armenian Massacres," or the slaughter of innocent Armenians by Turks. Leaving aside the fact that such judgements  ignore the murder of Turks and Kurds, there is a matter of common sense to consider. Because some wish to never admit that Armenians had a part in the creation of their own history of suffering, they are forced to ignore all Armenian actions against Turks. This leaves them with some difficult explanations. Why would the Turks, who had lived in relative peace with the Armenians for centuries, suddenly start to attack them? Is it just an incredible coincidence that the trouble in the East began as soon as Armenian revolutionaries began to organize there?  Apologists for the Armenian Cause have resorted to the Devil Theory of History to explain what they allege were Turkish actions - a dormant evil tendency in the Turks awakened, stimulated by evil politicians. Such explanations can only seem believable if at least half the facts are ignored and one is willing to accept the absurdities of the Devil Theory. The antidote to this type of history is common sense."

Source: Justin McCarthy and Carolyn McCarthy, Turks and Armenians, Washington DC, 1989.

“…In 1800, a vast Muslim land existed in Anatolia, the Balkans, and southern Russia. It was not only a land in which Muslims ruled, but a land in which Muslims were the majority or, in much of the Balkans and part of the Caucasus, a sizeable minority…By 1923, only Anatolia, eastern Thrace, and a section of the southeastern Caucasus remained to the Muslim land. The Balkan Muslims were largely gone, dead or forced to migrate, the remainder living in pockets of settlement in Greece, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia. The same fate had overcome the Muslims of the Crimea, the northern Caucasus, and Russian Armenia-they were simply gone. Millions of Muslims, most of them Turks, had died; millions more had fled to what is today Turkey. Between 1821 and 1922, more than five million Muslims were driven from their lands. Five and onehalf million Muslims died, some of them killed in wars, others perishing as refugees from starvation and disease. (p.1) 

“…Despite the historical importance of Muslim losses, it is not to be found in textbooks. Textbooks and histories that describe massacres of Bulgarians, Armenians, and Greeks have not mentioned corresponding massacres of Turks. The exile and mortality of the Muslims is not known…(p.2) 

“…The history that results from the process of revision is an unsettling one, for it tells the story of Turks as victims, and this is not the role in which they are usually cast. It does not present the traditional image of the Turk as victimizer, never victim, that has continued in histories of America and Europe long after it should have been discarded with other artifacts of nineteenth-century racism…(p.3) 

“…Devoid of its historical context, the Ottoman decision to deport the Armenians appears to have been irrational, motivated primarily by hatred of a minority. In fact, from the history of events in the Balkans and the Caucasus, the Ottomans knew what to expect from nationalist revolution and Russian invasion of eastern Anatolia. In Bulgaria, Greece, and Macedonia, the same processes had led to the slaughter of Turks. Could the Ottomans expect any difference in Anatolia? For 100 years, the Russians had expanded by pushing out Muslims. They had forced out the Crimean Tatars and the Circassians. In the southern Caucasus, they had replaced Turks with Armenians. In 1915, the Russians were poised to advance once again. Armenian revolutionary groups had already begun their rebellion all over eastern Anatolia, killing Muslim villagers and even seizing the city of Van. What fate could the Muslims of the east expect when the Russians invaded? The same fate that befell the Turks of Bulgaria or Macedonia. (p.335)

Source: McCarthy, Justin, “Death And Exile”, The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims 1821-1922, The Darwin Pres, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, Third Printing, 1999.
@EarthForces 2023-11-13 07:03:46  0
These "contexts" will NEVER EXCUSE the recorded facts of the Armenian Genocide.
@MrMYAZICI 2015-03-18 07:29:05  0
The video fails to mention the following (I wonder why?):  

Source: Professor Stanford J. Shaw, 'The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic,' New York University Press, New York (1991).

Page 239:

"While the Greek and Armenian community leaders in Istanbul and Paris pressured the Allies to drive the Turks out of Istanbul and much of Anatolia, the Empire's Jewish leaders, remembering very well the persecution their people had suffered as Ottoman territories had come under the rule of independent Christian states, not only refused to join their delegations but actively pressured the Allies to allow the Turks to remain in areas where they consisted a majority of the population, thus incurring further the wrath of the Christian leaders. In Thrace and Southwestern Anatolia also the invading Greek army, which was attempting to provide the Paris Peace Conference with a fait accompli in the territories it wished to retain, armed the Christian minorities and encouraged them to attack Muslims, with the Jews suffering as well because of their support for the Turks during the war [89], and with the once-flourishing Jewish community of Salonica in particular being permanently displaced by Greek refugees from Anatolia settled there after the Greek army evacuated Anatolia.

The Greek army that occupied much of southeastern Anatolia starting in May 1919 slaughtered thousands of Jews and Muslims in the course of its attack, not only during its initial landings at Izmir, but also in the interior during the subsequent two years, and particularly during its final retreat to Izmir, when it ravaged and burned Bursa and other towns and villages along the way. Albert Nabon, Principal of the AIU [Alliance Israelite Universelle] Boy's School in Izmir, reported to the Alliance on 6 July 1919:

'The city was put on fire and sacked, the people dispoiled of all they possessed. There is no food, putting the entire population on general, and our co-religionists in particular, in danger of suffering greatly from these privations'

going on to describe how most Jews, not only from Izmir but also from Greek attacks at Aydin, Bergama and Manisa, took refuge in his school, where they were suffering from overcrowding, lack of food, and medicine. [90]."

Page 240:

"Jewish notables, like the Muslims, were beaten and executed, many Jewish homes and shops were ravaged and burned, and hundreds of Jews were deported to almost certain death in the countryside. As the Greek army retreated in panic late in the war, moreover, it burned the Jewish and Muslim quarters of Izmit, Manisa and Bergama, destroying synagogues, yeshivas and hospitals as well as homes and businesses while killing hundreds and forcing the remainder of the non-Christian population to flee in panic, ...[95]"

[89] Edgar Morin, Vidal et les siens (Paris, Seuil, 1989), 67-93. A dossier of reports on Greek atrocities against people and officials in the Izmir area is in BA [Basbakanlik Arsivi=Prime Minister's Archives], Adliye Tezkere 246/2740, 18 September 1920; see also Ottoman Council of Ministers Minutes/MVM vol.213 no.457, 24 November 1334/1918; vol. 215, no. 249, 28 May 1335/1919; vol.216 no.263, 1 June 1335/1919, describing Greek soldiers driving the settled population out of Bergama and Izmir; vol.216, no.269, 1 June 1335/1919, describing the displacement of Jews and Muslims at the Dardanalles/Canakkale by Greek settlers from the Aegean islands; vol. 216, no.288, 9 June 1919, regarding Ayvalik; vol.216 no.380, 21 June 1919, describing Greek and Allied attacks on the local populations in Thrace and at Izmir, Diyarbekir and Bayezid; vol.216 no.323, 26 June 1919; vol. 216 no.337, 15 July 1919; vol. 216 no.339, 15 July 1919; and particularly vol.216 no.343, 16 July 1919, regarding Greek atrocities in Aydin province; vol.217 no.573, 29 November 1919, and vol.221 no.127, 30 April 1921, and no.239, 4 August 1921, on Greek atrocities in Thrace; vol.218 no.9, 11 January 1920 on resettlement of Greeks from America in Anatolia; also BEO, 343329; Greek atrocities in Southwestern Anatolia and Thrace were condemned by an international investigation commission headed by American High Commissioner in Istanbul, Admiral Mark Bristol, leading the Allies to abondon further support for the Greek invasion. See Ottoman Council of Ministers Minutes, vol.217 no.481, 16 October 1919. Also Hayyim Cohen, Jews of the Middle East, 18.
[90] Similar reports came from Nabon to the AIU on 2 July 1919 (no.23/915), 9 July 1919 (no.26/927), 12 July 1919 (no.27/932) and 14 July 1919 (no. 28/933). In Nabon's report of 17 July 1919 (no.30/935), he stated that the Greeks at Aydin had burned 200 Jewish houses and 13 shops, had dispoiled all the local Jews of their money and property, and had strangled two Jews as well as driving the remainder to seek refuge in the local AIU school: 'At Aydin, Manisa, Tire and everywhere else, our Jews live in an atmosphere of suspicion by the Greek inhabitants' who suspect that they favor the Turks. On 23 July 1920 Nabon reported that all the Jews had left Izmir, the synagogue had not been burned, but the Greeks had taken all its valuables as well as the property of local Jews, and the streets were full of bodies.
[95] Univers Israelite, 2 September 1921, p.467-48, quoted in Guleryuz; see also Galante, Anatolie II (1939), 70-100; and 'Manissa', EJ XI, 878-79.
@bone0101 2015-02-21 16:26:55  8
Within 5 minutes I was rolling my eyes and saying, "This is full of shit."
@gameshphousehold2839 2015-03-20 07:19:15  7
Christopher Spencer You should learn to listen to opposing points of view, and evaluate them on merit, instead of closing your mind to anything that doesn't conform to your ideology and/or preconceptions.
@bone0101 2015-03-20 07:21:17  2
Just because you and I disagree does not mean I didn't think my post through thoroughly.
@gameshphousehold2839 2015-03-20 07:44:38  0
I am just disappointed at the level of response this fellow is getting. I would have liked for those who are so contemptuous of him to at least have a worthy reason why.
@bone0101 2015-03-20 07:48:49  6
I don't think the comments section of youtube is a great place for reasoned debate. However, in a word, I felt the presenter's xenophobia come through in waves. It felt like the 1930's "yellow menace" propaganda.
@MishaIasinskyi 2016-05-24 21:05:46  4
xenophobia, lol
reading Guardian?)
@jasonreynolds3903 2014-12-01 19:55:43  0
Bolsheviks @ 26:15
@jasonreynolds3903 2014-12-01 19:52:12  0
July 1914, Ferdinand's assassination and discussion of alliances @14:12
@MichaelNetwork 2014-08-24 05:09:11  2
The War is a doc by Ken Burns
@luckcharlie1 2014-05-06 23:34:31  0
could anyone tell me about the music at 2:20?
@tunghoilam2666 2014-02-01 10:28:57  3
Nial Ferguson is one of my favourite historians. He produced another documentary,
" China, Triumph and Turmoil", it was very good.
@bunney3272 2015-07-03 14:59:59  1
'Empire: How Britain Made the modern world'
@truthsearcher158 2014-01-29 06:24:23  0
Does any one know the name of the song playing at 22:22
@feylezofriza 2013-11-02 13:57:15  0
Pinker documents the numbers of people killed by communist regimes. They are high, but not nearly as high as you suggest. However, Pinker isn't defending communism. Actually, his point is ideologies like communism are counter enlightenment forces, which are fighting against the gradual civilizing process. I would urge you to read the book before commenting on it.
@jonesgerard 2013-11-02 06:20:44  0
Pinker hasn't a scrap of common sense. Communism, by itself, murdered ( not killed in war but murdered) more humans than all wars added up since time recorded.
@wbarquez 2013-10-28 05:01:19  0
War is ugly. It makes people mad.
@JohnRangerUtube 2013-09-27 10:10:33  0
youtube.com/watch?v=HWA02qL90Mg
@nkristianschmidt 2013-09-26 19:27:54  0
Does it - look at all the fans Bolshevism has...
@feylezofriza 2013-09-01 19:51:25  0
More than 5 times the median income.
@feylezofriza 2013-09-01 19:50:47  0
yep
@feylezofriza 2013-09-01 15:01:36  0
The 20th century was not the most violent in history. Actually as Steven Pinker documents in detail in his book Better Angels of Our Nature, the 20th century was the least violent century in human history, when you measure violence in terms of what ratio of the world population were killed by violence (yes, including violence in wars).
@NickB1967 2013-08-26 00:30:25  0
Oh puhleeze. The Crusades? The Jihad before it?
@jonathanlu744 2013-08-23 01:12:38  0
Racism in the modern sense arose from the Age of Exploration.
@Barskor1 2013-08-22 15:22:07  0
What did the Democratic Socialism get the Russian people? Millions dead & dictatorship
@CerberusCheerleader 2013-07-28 23:31:56  0
Patriotism: the belief that your country is superior because you were born in it.
@lynncanada9232 2013-07-27 05:34:00  0
DrCanuckchuck1 GOT IT RIGHT! Not many in this generation know what TRUE SOVEREIGN FREEDOM IS! WAKE UP AMERICA!
@MrBillcale 2013-07-18 18:47:37  0
long live democratic socialism, or death read homage to catalonia
@MrBillcale 2013-07-18 18:46:40  0
democracy is a mob of sheep killing the wolf and eating him for dinner.. and we will one day kill all you wolves
@MrBillcale 2013-07-18 18:46:02  0
your a fascist thats wants to bring back fuedalism socialism is a good thing
@MrBillcale 2013-07-18 18:15:57  0
people have more freedom under democratic socialism than they do under any other system, your definition of "freedom" is your right to enslave others, your a criminal criminals do belong in jail people like you deserve to be slaves, i have no more respect your right than you do mine, if you could be reasonable we could talk, but i feel deallng with you wont involeve converstation
@soapbxprod 2013-07-18 13:42:29  0
I think that you are being deliberately myopic.
@soapbxprod 2013-07-18 13:41:11  0
Today's money? we're 17 trillion in the red. You can pay for that in one of two ways- raise taxes and deflate the money supply, or print more worthless money and pay for it through inflation. In 1968, a Hershey bar cost 8 cents. Today, it's a dollar. You need to take a few econ courses or watch Milton Friedman's "Free to Choose". It's called the Quantity Theory of Money...
@MrBillcale 2013-07-18 02:16:23  0
i think you are being deliberately difficult i am speaking of todays money ppp
@soapbxprod 2013-07-17 12:37:44  0
And so has war. War is and has always been essentially "racist", or "clanninst"... They and we.
@soapbxprod 2013-07-17 12:36:28  0
Not if it costs 250K to buy a loaf of bread- or a billion marks for a beer, as in Weimar Germany. Money is only worth what someone is willing to exchange for it.
@MrBillcale 2013-07-17 06:38:34  0
its arbitrary i think if you are worth 1 million and make more than oh say 250 000 us a year i think thats rich..but its just an opinion
@TheStargateNerd 2013-07-07 11:57:26  0
There are lots of people who claim they have been abducted. I've been on the surface of the sun, btw.
@clairebear7664 2013-07-03 21:55:02  0
guy's if you don't belive in aliens ask that lumberjack that got abducted and brainwashed in the 90's he's alive
@66mustangdriver1 2013-07-03 07:01:49  0
Ruled. And i'd vote ancient japanese.
@fruko1980 2013-06-20 01:15:34  0
But, the French have ONE LANGUAGE, ONE CULTURE, ONE EDUCATION SYSTEM! And so does every successful nation. The French were once ethnically diverse. How long do you think it took the French to build a nation out of the hodge-podge?
@fruko1980 2013-06-20 01:11:35  0
You know nothing of nation building! Turks have been nation builders throughout history. Nations had became the rule of the day. Why should the Turks have not become a nation. To have a strong, centralised and powerful goverment is the aim of every nation. The fact that Turks have become successful at this aim is resented. Success brings resentment; it is human nature to resent those ABOVE YOU! Look at a country like France, which is ethnically diverse.
@soapbxprod 2013-06-09 01:08:02  0
The rich people? How do you define "rich"? Who decides who gets what? You? Me? You have a telephone, a computer, electricity, a car. Did you produce any of the things that make your life better than dreadful?
@soapbxprod 2013-06-09 01:05:17  0
Totally. Well said.
@neuralvibes 2013-05-29 04:36:21  0
His writings say what exactly? Ever heard of the Bosnian 1908-09 crisis, a crisis triggered by Austria's unilateral occupation of Bosnia? The Austrians did not stroll into Bosnia to fill a power-vacuum, they met a successful full-scale Serbian revolt that had forced the Ottomans out in first place. The Austrian policy of pacification followed a combination of atrocities against the civilian Serbian population and the colonization of Catholic Slavs (mainly Croats) to bolster Austrian authority...
@NickB1967 2013-05-27 16:38:06  0
Says his own writings and plans.
@neuralvibes 2013-05-27 08:19:20  0
Says who?
@NickB1967 2013-05-26 19:16:53  0
And yet, the assassinated heir to the Empire (not the emperor himself) was quite reform-minded and would have likely given the Serb nationalists what they wanted.
@tasman763 2013-05-02 23:54:04  0
The Best Enemies Money Can Buy : Prof Anthony Sutton . His interviews and lectures are here on YT . And yes, he received death threats for making these , and writing his books. You pinned it . Banks , and their associated cohorts . I am not American , but most of my American friends are at heart , good people . The problem is ( just like NZ where I live ) , that they believe what they are told. And the real truth is hidden behind millions of dead, so is easily hidden.
@jessicarhodes4544 2013-05-01 23:37:28  0
Very much in the USA is very wicked and people are slaves to money and sin to the point where we can hurricane survivors from our own country unwanted refugees and a whole political party cheers at the idea of a man dying because he can't afford health insurance. And in the West, we're all slaves to the banks who create all the money and funnel it to where ever they want and we just take it because we're too stupid to know better. The evil people today are the rich people.
@durwinpocha 2013-03-26 02:25:03  0
king about those who believe they lead.

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